5/6/2023 0 Comments George dupin![]() As she reviews, starting in the 1980s, research on infant interactions with their primary caretakers demonstrated that “the infant is never totally undifferentiated (symbiotic) from the mother, but is primed from the beginning to be interested in and to distinguish itself from the world of others” ( Bonds 18). For Benjamin, by contrast, this breakdown of tension is not inevitable because humans do want and need to recognize each other as subjects both distinct from and like themselves. For Hegel, “the breakdown of essential tension is inevitable” because “the hypothetical self presented by Hegel … does not want to recognize the other, does not perceive him as a person just like himself” ( Bonds 53). For an analysis of how women were denied the status of individuals in nineteenth-century France, see, for instance, Geneviève Fraisse and Patricia Mainardi.īenjamin's notion of the conflict between self-assertion and dependence is also indebted to Hegel's theories in Phenomenology of Spirit. ![]() The earliest work to feature her letters, most often in excerpts, is Samuel Rocheblave's George Sand et sa fille.įor an analysis of how individualism became an explicit cultural value during the French Revolution, see, for example, Lynn Hunt and Patrice Higonnet. I am indebted to Bernadette Chovelon, Nicole Mozet, and Georges Lubin, the editor of Sand's multi-volume correspondence, in which Solange's letters occasionally appear in notes. Until then, girls of the privileged classes were educated at home by their mothers or by tutors or sent to convent or lay boarding schools– pensions.Īll translations of Sand's and Solange's letters are my own.Īt present, Solange's correspondence has been published only partially. Public education for girls in France was not obligatory until 1882, when the Ferry Law required both boys and girls to attend school until age thirteen. Sand was awarded custody of Solange and later gained custody of Maurice as well. The trial for legal separation between the spouses began in 1836 and was finalized in 1838. Aurore Dudevant adopted the pen name George Sand with the publication of her first single-authored novel, Indiana, in 1832. In 1831, Aurore Dupin Dudevant (George Sand) left her husband Casimir Dudevant and country estate Nohant (inherited from her paternal grandmother) to live and write in Paris, taking Solange with her. ![]() ![]() Maurice was born in 1823 Solange in 1828. For further information about this relational pattern and analysis of it, see the introduction to my book, Uneasy Possessions. ![]()
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